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Bronchoscopy is a medical procedure that involves using a bronchoscope, a thin, flexible tube with a camera and light, to examine the inside of the airways and lungs. This minimally invasive technique allows doctors to visualize the bronchial tubes and lungs, diagnose respiratory conditions, and perform therapeutic interventions such as biopsy, removal of foreign objects, or treatment of blockages. Bronchoscopy is commonly indicated for evaluating symptoms like persistent cough, unexplained shortness of breath, hemoptysis (coughing up blood), and recurrent infections. It is also used to investigate abnormal findings from imaging studies, such as chest X-rays or CT scans. Conditions such as lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and infections like tuberculosis or pneumonia may warrant a bronchoscopy to obtain tissue samples, assess the extent of disease, or guide treatment. Complications from bronchoscopy are relatively uncommon but can include infection, bleeding, and pneumothorax (air leaking into the space around the lungs, causing lung collapse). Adverse reactions to sedation or anesthesia may also occur. Other potential risks involve irritation or injury to the airways and lungs, which can cause coughing or throat discomfort. In rare cases, a serious complication such as a severe allergic reaction or significant bleeding may arise, necessitating prompt medical attention. Preparation for bronchoscopy typically involves fasting for several hours before the procedure and discontinuing certain medications that could affect bleeding. Patients are usually given a sedative or anesthetic to ensure comfort and minimize discomfort during the procedure. Afterward, patients are monitored for a short period to check for any immediate complications or side effects. Recovery is usually quick, with many individuals resuming normal activities within a day. Bronchoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool that provides critical insights into respiratory health and helps guide the management of various lung conditions.